Practical measurement of affordability: an application to medicines

Practical measurement of affordability: an application to medicines.

OBJECTIVE To develop two practical methods for measuring the affordability of medicines in developing countries. METHODS The proposed methods--catastrophic and impoverishment methods--rely on easily accessible aggregated expenditure data and take into account a country's income distribution and absolute level of income. The catastrophic method quantifies the proportion of the population whose...

Practical measurement of affordability: an application to medicines Section GE-iMTA

an application of fuzzy logic for car insurance underwriting

در ایران بیمه خودرو سهم بزرگی در صنعت بیمه دارد. تعیین حق بیمه مناسب و عادلانه نیازمند طبقه بندی خریداران بیمه نامه براساس خطرات احتمالی آنها است. عوامل ریسکی فراوانی می تواند بر این قیمت گذاری تاثیر بگذارد. طبقه بندی و تعیین میزان تاثیر گذاری هر عامل ریسکی بر قیمت گذاری بیمه خودرو پیچیدگی خاصی دارد. در این پایان نامه سعی در ارائه راهی جدید برای طبقه بندی عوامل ریسکی با استفاده از اصول و روش ها...

Price, availability and affordability of medicines

BACKGROUND Medicines play an important role in healthcare, but prices can be a barrier to patient care. Few studies have looked at the prices of essential medicines in low- and middle-income countries in terms of patient affordability. AIM To determine the prices, availability and affordability of medicines along the supply chain in Swaziland. SETTING Private- and public-sector facilities i...

Affordability of medicines in the European Union

BACKGROUND Medications and their prices are key issues for healthcare. Although access to medicines at affordable prices had been specified as a key objective of the European Health Policy, it seems that these goals have not been achieved. Therefore, we attempted an evaluation of affordability of selected medicines at full prices. METHODS The analysis concerned 2012 and was conducted between ...